Write an interpreter in Ruby

Mario Arias July 26, 2024 Technology 0

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Write an interpreter in Ruby

这是为 RedDotRuby Conference 2024 准备的演讲。

Mario Arias

July 26, 2024 Tweet Share

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演讲稿

  1. [Mario Arias RedDotRuby Conference 2024 Write an interpreter in Ruby](https://speakerdeck.com/marioariasc/https:/files.speakerdeck.com/presentations/8cc39f81a4f0467086f0088135c5841e/slide_0.jpg "Write an interpreter in Ruby Mario Arias

    RedDotRuby Conference 2024 Write an...")

  2. [About me • Not a Ruby expert • Ruby-curious? •](https://speakerdeck.com/marioariasc/https:/files.speakerdeck.com/presentations/8cc39f81a4f0467086f0088135c5841e/slide_1.jpg "Write an interpreter in Ruby About me

    • Not a Ruby expert • Ruby-curious? • ...")

    一个 Kotlin 爱好者 • 拥有近 20 年的经验 • OSS 贡献者 2

  3. [Why do you want to write an interpreter? … is](https://speakerdeck.com/marioariasc/https:/files.speakerdeck.com/presentations/8cc39f81a4f0467086f0088135c5841e/slide_2.jpg "Write an interpreter in Ruby Why do you want to write an interpreter?

    … is e...")

    在家一切都好吗？ • 这很有趣 • 刷新或获取有关计算机科学的新知识。 • 有用的案例： • 表达式语言 • 业务规则 • 外部 DSL 3

  4. [The Monkey Language … it doesn’t exists, sort of, in](https://speakerdeck.com/marioariasc/https:/files.speakerdeck.com/presentations/8cc39f81a4f0467086f0088135c5841e/slide_3.jpg "Write an interpreter in Ruby The Monkey Language

    … it doesn’t exists, sort o...")

    某种程度上它并不存在 • 由 Thorsten Ball 创建 • 它在你编写时才存在 • 类似 C、类似 JS 的语法 • 一等公民和高阶函数 • 整数、布尔值、数组和哈希表 • 它在 Go 中有一个参考实现，带有单元测试 4

  5. [A f ibonacci function Recursive let fibonacci = fn(x) {](https://speakerdeck.com/marioariasc/https:/files.speakerdeck.com/presentations/8cc39f81a4f0467086f0088135c5841e/slide_4.jpg "Write an interpreter in Ruby A

    f ibonacci function Recursive let fibonacci =...")

    if (x < 2) {
  return x;
} else {
  fibonacci(x - 1) + fibonacci(x - 2);
}
};
fibonacci(35);

    5

  6. [Pepa … like the character from the movie Encanto •](https://speakerdeck.com/marioariasc/https:/files.speakerdeck.com/presentations/8cc39f81a4f0467086f0088135c5841e/slide_5.jpg "Write an interpreter in Ruby Pepa

    … like the character from the movie Encant...")

    Monkey 语言的 Ruby 实现 • Ruby 3.1 及以上版本 • 完全测试 • RBS • https://github.com/MarioAriasC/pepa 6

  7. [The interpreter f low …a simpli fi ed version of](https://speakerdeck.com/marioariasc/https:/files.speakerdeck.com/presentations/8cc39f81a4f0467086f0088135c5841e/slide_6.jpg "Write an interpreter in Ruby The interpreter

    f low …a simpli fi ed version o...")

    它的简化版本 源代码 -> 词法分析器(Lexer) -> 词法单元(Tokens) -> 语法分析器(Parser) -> 抽象语法树(AST) -> 求值器(Evaluator) -> 执行 7

  8. [Tokens … not the LLM ones https://github.com/M a rioAri a](https://speakerdeck.com/marioariasc/https:/files.speakerdeck.com/presentations/8cc39f81a4f0467086f0088135c5841e/slide_7.jpg "Write an interpreter in Ruby Tokens

    … not the LLM ones https://github.com/M ...")

    不是 LLM 的 tokens https://github.com/MarioAriasC/pepa/blob/main/lib/tokens.rb

    let fibonacci = fn(x) {
  if (x < 2) {
    return x;
  } else {
    fibonacci(x - 1) + fibonacci(x - 2);
  }
};
fibonacci(35);

LET ^ “let”
FUNCTION ^ “fn”
RETURN ^ “return”
ELSE ^ “else”
IF ^ “if”
IDENT ^ “ f ibon a cci”
IDENT ^ “ f ibon a cci”
IDENT ^ “ f ibon a cci”
IDENT ^ “ f ibon a cci”
IDENT ^ “x”
IDENT ^ “x”
ASSIGN ^ “=”
LPAREN ^ “(”
RPAREN ^ “)”
LBRACE ^ “(”

    8

  9. [Lexer One character at the time https://github.com/M a rioAri a](https://speakerdeck.com/marioariasc/https:/files.speakerdeck.com/presentations/8cc39f81a4f0467086f0088135c5841e/slide_8.jpg "Write an interpreter in Ruby Lexer

    One character at the time https://github....")

    一次一个字符 https://github.com/MarioAriasC/pepa/blob/main/lib/lexers.rb 我们需要管理几种情况 • 单字符 tokens：=, (, ), {, } 等 • 双字符 tokens：!=, == • 字符串 • 整数 • 一个字母字符 + 一个或多个字母数字字符 • 保留字 • 标识符 9

  10. [AST let fibonacci = fn(x) { if (x < 2)](https://speakerdeck.com/marioariasc/https:/files.speakerdeck.com/presentations/8cc39f81a4f0467086f0088135c5841e/slide_9.jpg "Write an interpreter in Ruby AST

    let fibonacci = fn(x) { if (x < 2) { return...")

    {
  return x;
} else {
  fibonacci(x - 1) + fibonacci(x - 2);
}
};
fibonacci(35);

    https://github.com/MarioAriasC/pepa/blob/main/lib/ast.rb Program • statements • let statement • function literal • parameters • block statement • if expression • condition • infix expression • identifier • operator • integer literal … 10

  11. [AST https://github.com/M a rioAri a sC/pep a /blob/m a in/lib/](https://speakerdeck.com/marioariasc/https:/files.speakerdeck.com/presentations/8cc39f81a4f0467086f0088135c5841e/slide_10.jpg "Write an interpreter in Ruby AST

    https://github.com/M a rioAri a sC/pep a /b...")

    https://github.com/MarioAriasC/pepa/blob/main/lib/ast.rb Program: List of Statements Statement LetStatement: let foo = 1; ExpressionStatement: A statement that contains an expression ReturnStatement: return foo; BlockStatement: List of Statements inside a block Expression PrefixExpression: !true; InfixExpression: 1 + 1; CallExpression: myFunction(1); IndexExpression: myHash[“foo”] IfExpression: if (x > 2) {“x”} else {“y”} Identifier IntegerLiteral: 1; BooleanLiteral: true; ArrayLiteral: [1, 2, 3]; FunctionLiteral fn(x) {x + 2} StringLiteral: “Hello” HashLiteral: {“foo”: 1, true:2, 3:3} 11

  12. [Parser One token at the time https://github.com/M a rioAri a](https://speakerdeck.com/marioariasc/https:/files.speakerdeck.com/presentations/8cc39f81a4f0467086f0088135c5841e/slide_11.jpg "Write an interpreter in Ruby Parser

    One token at the time https://github.com...")

    一次一个 token [https://github.com/MarioAriasC/pepa/blob/main/lib/parsers